NASA's Webb Telescope Confirms First Exoplanet
2023-01-16
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1NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has made its first confirmation of an exoplanet.
2An exoplanet is a planet that orbits a star outside our solar system.
3The American space agency says the exoplanet is almost exactly the same size as Earth.
4Researchers from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland examined new data collected by the Webb to make the confirmation.
5Past observations made by another NASA telescope provided some evidence that the exoplanet existed.
6But the Webb's confirmation made the discovery official.
7The other space telescope is called the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, or TESS.
8TESS was launched in 2018 with the goal of discovering additional planets outside our solar system.
9The exoplanet has been named LHS 475 b.
10The researchers said it is quite close to Earth for an exoplanet.
11It sits about 41 light-years away in the constellation Octans.
12A light-year is the distance light travels in one year.
13Exoplanets are difficult for telescopes to identify.
14One reason is that bright light from the stars they orbit can hide them.
15The search process includes observing drops in the light level of stars.
16Such drops could be caused by a planet passing, or transiting, in front of a star.
17Researchers said the Webb was able to confirm the existence of the exoplanet using the transiting observation method.
18They said the confirmation came quickly after just two transit events.
19NASA has said the Webb telescope was developed to be able to provide a high level of detail in its observations.
20It is equipped with the latest technology to observe infrared waves.
21These waves are a kind of electromagnetic energy that cannot be seen with the human eye.
22NASA says the telescope's instruments can find infrared waves through gas and dust to observe distant objects.
23Jacob Lustig-Yaeger helped lead the research.
24He said in a statement that the telescope data made it easy to make a clear confirmation.
25"There is no question that the planet is there."
26The finding was recently presented at a conference of the American Astronomical Society in Seattle, Washington.
27Another leader of the team, Kevin Stevenson, added that he found the confirmation "impressive" because the exoplanet is small and rocky, which makes identification more difficult.
28Of all of NASA's operating telescopes, only the Webb is equipped to collect information on the atmospheres of exoplanets.
29But in this case, the researchers said they do not have enough data to confirm what kind of atmosphere LHS 475 b has.
30Scientists generally use computer models and telescope data to study the atmospheres of exoplanets.
31Another member of the research team, Erin May, said the Webb telescope can easily identify a series of different molecules.
32"But we can't yet make any definitive conclusions about the planet's atmosphere," she added.
33While the researchers said they cannot confirm what is present in the exoplanet's atmosphere, they are very sure about what is not present.
34For example, LHS 475 b cannot have a thick atmosphere that is mostly methane, Lustig-Yaeger said.
35The team even noted it is possible that the exoplanet has no atmosphere at all.
36Some of the available data suggests the exoplanet may have an atmosphere of pure carbon dioxide.
37But the researchers said they plan to gather more data in future observations to help them learn about atmospheric conditions.
38NASA says it has so far confirmed more than 5,000 exoplanets.
39But Lustig-Yaeger noted that the Webb telescope is much better equipped to discover small, rocky exoplanets.
40He said this will likely lead to a lot more exoplanet confirmations.
41And, Lustig-Yaeger added, "We have barely begun scratching the surface of what their atmospheres might be like."
42I'm Bryan Lynn.
1NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has made its first confirmation of an exoplanet. An exoplanet is a planet that orbits a star outside our solar system. 2The American space agency says the exoplanet is almost exactly the same size as Earth. 3Researchers from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland examined new data collected by the Webb to make the confirmation. 4Past observations made by another NASA telescope provided some evidence that the exoplanet existed. But the Webb's confirmation made the discovery official. 5The other space telescope is called the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, or TESS. TESS was launched in 2018 with the goal of discovering additional planets outside our solar system. 6The exoplanet has been named LHS 475 b. The researchers said it is quite close to Earth for an exoplanet. It sits about 41 light-years away in the constellation Octans. A light-year is the distance light travels in one year. 7Exoplanets are difficult for telescopes to identify. One reason is that bright light from the stars they orbit can hide them. The search process includes observing drops in the light level of stars. Such drops could be caused by a planet passing, or transiting, in front of a star. 8Researchers said the Webb was able to confirm the existence of the exoplanet using the transiting observation method. They said the confirmation came quickly after just two transit events. 9NASA has said the Webb telescope was developed to be able to provide a high level of detail in its observations. It is equipped with the latest technology to observe infrared waves. These waves are a kind of electromagnetic energy that cannot be seen with the human eye. NASA says the telescope's instruments can find infrared waves through gas and dust to observe distant objects. 10Jacob Lustig-Yaeger helped lead the research. He said in a statement that the telescope data made it easy to make a clear confirmation. "There is no question that the planet is there." 11The finding was recently presented at a conference of the American Astronomical Society in Seattle, Washington. 12Another leader of the team, Kevin Stevenson, added that he found the confirmation "impressive" because the exoplanet is small and rocky, which makes identification more difficult. 13Of all of NASA's operating telescopes, only the Webb is equipped to collect information on the atmospheres of exoplanets. But in this case, the researchers said they do not have enough data to confirm what kind of atmosphere LHS 475 b has. 14Scientists generally use computer models and telescope data to study the atmospheres of exoplanets. Another member of the research team, Erin May, said the Webb telescope can easily identify a series of different molecules. "But we can't yet make any definitive conclusions about the planet's atmosphere," she added. 15While the researchers said they cannot confirm what is present in the exoplanet's atmosphere, they are very sure about what is not present. For example, LHS 475 b cannot have a thick atmosphere that is mostly methane, Lustig-Yaeger said. 16The team even noted it is possible that the exoplanet has no atmosphere at all. Some of the available data suggests the exoplanet may have an atmosphere of pure carbon dioxide. But the researchers said they plan to gather more data in future observations to help them learn about atmospheric conditions. 17NASA says it has so far confirmed more than 5,000 exoplanets. But Lustig-Yaeger noted that the Webb telescope is much better equipped to discover small, rocky exoplanets. He said this will likely lead to a lot more exoplanet confirmations. 18And, Lustig-Yaeger added, "We have barely begun scratching the surface of what their atmospheres might be like." 19I'm Bryan Lynn. 20Bryan Lynn wrote this story for VOA Learning English, based on reports from NASA. 21___________________________________________________________________ 22Words in This Story 23impressive - adj. making a good or marked impression 24definitive - adj. clear and not likely to change 25conclusion - n. an opinion reached after considering all information about something 26scratch the surface - idiom. to deal with only a small part of a subject or problem 27___________________________________________________________________ 28What do you think of this story? We want to hear from you. We have a new comment system. Here is how it works: 29Each time you return to comment on the Learning English site, you can use your account and see your comments and replies to them. Our comment policy is here.